In 2025, Estonia’s exports of goods reached approximately €18.6 billion and imports over €22.4 billion. The trade deficit was around €3.8 billion, reflecting increased investment and strong demand for production inputs.

The final quarter of the year (October–December) offers a clear snapshot of this trend:

• In October, Estonia exported goods worth €1.725 billion and imported €2.073 billion.

• In November, exports were €1.622 billion and imports €1.935 billion.

• In December, exports reached €1.541 billion and imports €1.811 billion.

• Overall, Q4 exports totalled around €4.9 billion and imports €5.8 billion, resulting in a quarterly trade deficit of approximately €0.93 billion. This underscores Estonia’s ongoing reliance on imported production inputs and capital goods.

Poland is one of Estonia’s most important import partners within the EU. In 2025, Estonia imported approximately €1.71 billion worth of goods from Poland, placing Poland high among Estonia’s trading partners, particularly on the import side.

Looking at just the fourth quarter, it can be estimated that Estonia imported roughly €440–470 million worth of goods from Poland, a significant share of total quarterly imports. Exports from Estonia to Poland are smaller but still noteworthy — likely between €150–250 million in Q4. This indicates a clearly import-dominant bilateral trade relationship: Estonia imports more from Poland than it exports there.

The structure of trade between Estonia and Poland reflects the economic profiles of both countries:

From Poland to Estonia:

• machinery and equipment

• industrial components

• durable and consumer goods

From Estonia to Poland:

• electronics and technology products

• timber and wood products

• industrial components

This pattern shows that Poland serves as a strong industrial and production hub for Estonia, while Estonia supplies high-value niche products and specialized industrial solutions.

The estimated bilateral trade deficit for Q4 stood between €200–320 million. Although a deficit may appear negative, it should be viewed in context: imported goods such as machinery and technology components are often production inputs that enable Estonian companies to create higher-value products and strengthen their export capacity in other markets.

Moreover, Poland acts as a strategic gateway for Estonia to reach Central and Eastern European markets. The EU’s internal market framework — with customs-free trade, unified regulations, and integrated logistics — makes cooperation between the two countries smooth and cost-efficient.

The fourth quarter of 2025 highlighted three key tendencies:

1. Estonian foreign trade is growing, but imports continue to exceed exports.

2. Poland remains a crucial import partner for Estonia, especially in industrial and machinery sectors.

3. Although bilateral trade is import-dominant, it strategically supports Estonian firms’ production capacity and competitiveness.

The Estonia–Poland trade relationship is not merely a statistical phenomenon. It is part of a regional network of production and supply chains that determines how effectively companies operate in the European market. Considering Poland’s industrial strength and Estonia’s technological flexibility, the economic relationship between the two countries has the potential to deepen further.