The volume of trade between Estonia and Latvia is significant and has been on an upward trajectory. Estonia's main exports to Latvia include machinery, wood products, metal goods, textiles and foodstuffs. Conversely, Latvia exports largely wood products, agricultural goods, machinery and electrical equipment to Estonia. Looking at 2022 data, Latvia was Estonia's 3rd largest export destination and 2nd biggest source of imports. A large portion of the trade flows to and from the wider industrial areas around the border regions of the two countries.

Beyond just trade in goods, the Estonian and Latvian economies are also interlinked through numerous mutual investments. For example, the Estonian-based Swedbank is one of the largest banks operating in Latvia. Likewise, many Latvian companies successfully operate and invest in real estate developments and the service sector in Estonia. These cross-border investments help further integrate the two economies.

Estonia and Latvia's similar overall economic backdrop and shared history also tie them together in shaping trade policies. Both are members of the European Union and participate in the single market, allowing free movement of goods, services, capital and labor between them. They are also part of the World Trade Organization (WTO), adhering to its rules and norms governing international trade. These common frameworks provide a stable and fair trade environment in the region.

However, in recent years, Estonia and Latvia's trade relations have also been impacted by some external factors. Russia's harsh trade restrictions and sanctions on Western nations have forced a search for new markets and trade routes. The COVID-19 pandemic also temporarily disrupted supply chains and shipping. Nonetheless, both countries have aimed to remain open to international trade and capitalize on emerging opportunities, such as in Asian and Middle Eastern markets.

The continued success of Estonia and Latvia as trade partners will largely depend on their ability to adapt to changing conditions, diversify trade directions, and seize new economic opportunities. Their close cultural affinity, shared values, and history of cooperation bode well for maintaining robust trade ties going forward. It is highly likely that Estonia-Latvia trade flows will remain at elevated levels, and may even grow further, contingent on developments in the global economic environment.